Sensitivity vs Specificity
In short
Sensitivity is how well a test identifies people who have a condition (few false negatives); specificity is how well it identifies those who do not (few false positives). Both are needed to judge a diagnostic test.
A highly sensitive test rarely misses true cases, making it useful for ruling a condition out. A highly specific test rarely flags healthy people, making it useful for confirming a condition.
Real tests trade the two off against each other, so the right balance depends on the clinical consequence of a missed case versus a false alarm.
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